Gastritis

Known Symptoms

Common symptoms:
- Upper abdominal pain or discomfort (burning, aching).
- Nausea, vomiting, bloating, and early satiety.
- Loss of appetite.
Red-flag symptoms:
- Hematemesis (vomiting blood) or coffee-ground emesis.
- Melena (black, tarry stools) or hematochezia.
- Unintended weight loss, severe persistent pain.
- Signs of anaemia (e.g., fatigue, pallor).

Known Causes

Peptic ulcer disease.
Gastrointestinal bleeding.
Atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia (increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma).
Pernicious anaemia (in autoimmune gastritis).
Rarely, gastric perforation (especially in severe erosive gastritis).

Care

Prevention:
- Limit NSAID use; use COX-2 inhibitors or concomitant PPIs if necessary.
- H. pylori testing and eradication in high-risk populations.
- Moderate alcohol consumption, avoid smoking.
Follow-up:
- Symptom monitoring and reassessment if unresponsive to initial therapy.
- Repeat endoscopy if concerning features (e.g., dysplasia, persistent symptoms).
- Long-term surveillance in cases of atrophic gastritis or metaplasia per guidelines.

Known Symptoms

Common symptoms:
- Upper abdominal pain or discomfort (burning, aching).
- Nausea, vomiting, bloating, and early satiety.
- Loss of appetite.
Red-flag symptoms:
- Hematemesis (vomiting blood) or coffee-ground emesis.
- Melena (black, tarry stools) or hematochezia.
- Unintended weight loss, severe persistent pain.
- Signs of anaemia (e.g., fatigue, pallor).

Known Causes

Care

Prevention:
- Limit NSAID use; use COX-2 inhibitors or concomitant PPIs if necessary.
- H. pylori testing and eradication in high-risk populations.
- Moderate alcohol consumption, avoid smoking.
Follow-up:
- Symptom monitoring and reassessment if unresponsive to initial therapy.
- Repeat endoscopy if concerning features (e.g., dysplasia, persistent symptoms).
- Long-term surveillance in cases of atrophic gastritis or metaplasia per guidelines.

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Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology

Our Gastrosciences service diagnoses and treats conditions of the digestive system such as the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, pancreas and bile ducts. Our team of gastroenterologists, hepatologists and specialist nurses use advanced, minimally invasive techniques to give precise care. POEM (Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy) treats oesophageal motility disorders, ESD to remove early tumours without open surgery, ERCP and SpyGlass for bile-duct problems, EndoVAC for closing leaks, STER for subepithelial tumours, and capsule endoscopy to image the small intestine. We also perform diagnostics and therapeutic endoscopy (OGD, colonoscopy, EUS, manometry, pH studies) and offer stenting, polypectomy, dilation, variceal therapy and biliary drainage as needed. In addition, age appropriate diagnostics and transplant-linked care are provided with dietitians and psychological support built into long-term plans.

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